What's the difference between Type 1 and Type 2?

The primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes lies in their biological root causes and how they are managed. Type 1 is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Because the body produces zero insulin, people with Type 1 must take insulin every day via injections or a pump to survive. It is often diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood and cannot be prevented. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is a metabolic condition primarily characterized by insulin resistance. The pancreas still produces insulin, but the body's cells stop responding to it effectively. Over time, the pancreas may wear out and produce less insulin. Type 2 is strongly linked to genetics, lifestyle factors, and excess weight, usually developing later in life. Management for Type 2 often starts with lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, alongside oral medications like Metformin to improve insulin sensitivity. While some people with Type 2 eventually need insulin therapy, many can manage it effectively without ever requiring injections.