What causes diabetic neuropathy?

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage caused by prolonged exposure to high blood sugar levels. Over time, excess glucose circulating in your bloodstream damages the delicate walls of the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) that supply oxygen and nutrients to your nerves. Without proper nourishment, the nerve fibers become damaged and lose their ability to transmit signals correctly. The earliest warning signs usually appear in the extremities, starting at the tips of the toes and gradually moving up the feet and legs. You might feel a tingling "pins and needles" sensation, sharp shooting pains, burning sensations, or, conversely, a complete numbness and loss of feeling. This numbness is dangerous because a small blister or cut on the foot can go completely unnoticed, leading to severe, hard-to-treat infections. The absolute best way to prevent neuropathy is tight glycemic control—keeping your A1C and daily blood sugars within your target range. Additionally, you should visually inspect your feet every single night, wear well-fitting shoes, and schedule an annual comprehensive foot exam with your doctor or podiatrist.